Nk’uko bigaragazwa na gahunda y'igihugu ishinzwe uburezi bwa Cholesterol (NCEP), Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika Diyabete (ADA), na CDC, akamaro ko gusobanukirwa urugero rwa lipide na glucose ni byo by'ingenzi mu kugabanya amafaranga y’ubuzima n’impfu ziterwa n’indwara zishobora kwirindwa. [1-3]
Dyslipidemia isobanurwa nkuburebure bwa plasmacholesterol cyangwa triglyceride (TG), cyangwa byombi, cyangwa hasilipoprotein nyinshi (HDL)urwego rugira uruhare mu iterambere rya aterosklerose.Impamvu nyamukuru zitera dyslipidemiya zirashobora gushiramo ihinduka ryimiterere ya gene bivamo umusaruro mwinshi cyangwa gukuraho inenge ya TG nalipoprotein nkeya (LDL)cholesterol cyangwa mukubyara umusaruro cyangwa gukuraho birenze urugero bya HDL.Impamvu ya kabiri itera dyslipidemiya harimo ubuzima bwicaye hamwe no gufata indyo yuzuye ibinure byuzuye na cholesterol.
Cholesterol ni lipide iboneka mu nyama zose z’inyamaswa, mu maraso, mu mavuta, no ku binure by’inyamanswa zikenerwa mu mikorere ya selile no gukora, imisemburo ya hormone, hamwe na vitamine ikora ibinure.Cholesterol inyura mumaraso muri lipoproteine.5 LDL itanga cholesterol mu ngirabuzimafatizo, aho ikoreshwa muri membrane cyangwa muguhuza imisemburo ya steroid.6 Urwego rwa LDL ruzamutse rutera kwiyongera kwa cholesterol mu mitsi. [5]Ku rundi ruhande, HDL ikusanya cholesterol irenze ingirabuzimafatizo ikayigarura mu mwijima.Kuzamura cholesterol mu maraso birashobora guhuza nibindi bintu, bigatuma habaho plaque.TG ni esters ikomoka kuri glycerol na aside irike eshatu zibikwa muri selile.Hormone irekura TG imbaraga hagati yibyo kurya.TG irashobora kuzamura ibyago byo kurwara umutima kandi bifatwa nkikimenyetso cya syndrome de metabolike;bityo rero, gukurikirana lipide ni ngombwa kuko dyslipidemiya itagenzuwe ishobora gutera indwara z'umutima.
Dyslipidemia isuzumwa ikoresheje serumuIkizamini cya lipid.1Iki kizamini gipima cholesterol yuzuye, cholesterol ya HDL, TG, hamwe na LDL ya cholesterol.
Indwara ya Diyabete
Indwara ya Diyabete ni indwara idakira irangwa no kudakora neza umubiri gukoresha insuline na glucagon.Glucagon irekurwa kugirango isubize glucose nkeya, bivamo glycogenolysis.Insuline isohoka mu gusubiza ibiryo, bigatuma selile zifata glucose mu maraso ikayihindura glycogene kugira ngo ibike.Imikorere idahwitse muri glucagon cyangwa insuline irashobora gutera hyperglycemia.Diyabete irashobora kwangiza amaso, impyiko, imitsi, umutima, nimiyoboro y'amaraso.Hariho ibizamini byinshi bikoreshwa mugupima diyabete.Bimwe muri ibyo bizamini birimo glucose yamaraso idasanzwe hamwe no gupima plasma glucose.
Epidemiologiya
CDC ivuga ko miliyoni 71 z'Abanyamerika bakuze (33.5%) bafite dyslipidemiya.Umuntu 1 kuri 3 gusa afite cholesterol nyinshi afite uburwayi bugenzurwa.Ikigereranyo cya cholesterol y’abanyamerika bakuze ni 200 mg / dL.11 CDC ivuga ko Abanyamerika miliyoni 29.1 (9.3%) barwaye diyabete, aho miliyoni 21 zapimwe na miliyoni 8.1 (27.8%) zitaramenyekana. [2]
Hyperlipidemiani “indwara y'ubutunzi” isanzwe muri sosiyete y'ubu.Mu myaka 20 ishize, yateye imbere ku isi hose.OMS ivuga ko kuva mu kinyejana cya 21, impuzandengo ya miliyoni 2.6 z'abantu bapfuye bazize indwara z'umutima n'imitsi ndetse n'ubwonko (nk'indwara ikaze ya myocardial infarction na stroke) iterwa na hyperlipidemiya y'igihe kirekire buri mwaka.Indwara ya hyperlipidemiya mu bantu bakuze b'Abanyaburayi ni 54%, naho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 130 bakuze b'Abanyaburayi bafite hyperlipidemiya.Indwara ya hyperlipidemiya muri Amerika irakomeye cyane ariko iri hasi gato ugereranije n'Uburayi.Ibisubizo byerekana ko 50 ku ijana by'abagabo na 48 ku ijana by'abagore muri Amerika bafite hyperlipidemiya.Abarwayi ba Hyperlipidemia bakunze kwibasirwa n'ubwonko;Niba kandi imiyoboro y'amaraso iri mumaso yumubiri wumuntu ihagaritswe, bizatuma kugabanuka kutabona, cyangwa ubuhumyi;Niba bibaye mu mpyiko, bizatera indwara ya arteriosclerose yimpyiko, bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yimpyiko yumurwayi, no kubaho kunanirwa kwimpyiko.Niba bibaye mugice cyo hepfo, necrosis na ibisebe birashobora kubaho.Byongeye kandi, lipide nyinshi yamaraso irashobora kandi gutera ingorane nka hypertension, gallstone, pancreatitis na senile dementia.
INGINGO
1. Raporo ya gatatu ya gahunda y’igihugu ishinzwe uburezi bwa Cholesterol (NCEP) Itsinda ry’impuguke ku kumenya, gusuzuma, no kuvura Cholesterol y’amaraso menshi mu bantu bakuru (Panel Treatment Panel III) raporo yanyuma.Kuzenguruka.2002; 106: 3143-3421.
2. CDC.Raporo y'ibarurishamibare mu gihugu cya 2014.Ku ya 14 Ukwakira 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabete/data/ibarurishamibare / 2014statisticsreport.html.Byemewe ku ya 20 Nyakanga 2014.
3. CDC, Igice cyo Kurwara Indwara Zumutima no Kurinda Indwara.Urupapuro rwa Cholesterol.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/ibikorwa_urupapuro/fs_cholesterol.htm.Byemewe ku ya 20 Nyakanga 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.Igitabo cya Merk cyumwuga.www.merckmanuals.com/umwuga/endocrine_na_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.Byemewe ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2014.
5. Ikigo cyigihugu cyumutima, ibihaha, namaraso.Shakisha amaraso menshi ya cholesterol.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ubuzima/ubuzima-topics/topics/hbc/.Byemewe ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2014.
6. Kaminuza ya Washington amasomo y'urubuga.Cholesterol, lipoproteine n'umwijima.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.Byemezwa ku ya 10 Nyakanga 2014.
7. Ivuriro rya Mayo.Cholesterol nyinshi.www.Byemezwa ku ya 10 Kamena 2014.
8. Diyabete.co.uk.Glucagon.www.diabete.co.uk/umuntu/glucagon.html.Yemezwa ku ya 15 Nyakanga 2014.
9. Ivuriro rya Mayo.Diyabete.www.mayoclinic.Yemezwa ku ya 20 Kamena 2014.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-17-2022