A.kwipimisha ibiyobyabwengeni isesengura rya tekinike yikigereranyo cyibinyabuzima, urugero nkinkari, umusatsi, amaraso, umwuka, ibyuya, cyangwa amazi yo mu kanwa / amacandwe - kugirango hamenyekane niba hari imiti yababyeyi cyangwa metabolite ihari cyangwa idahari.Ibyifuzo byinshi byo kwipimisha ibiyobyabwenge harimo kumenya ko hari imikorere yongera steroyide muri siporo, abakoresha hamwe n’abakozi ba parole / abashinzwe igeragezwa basuzuma ibiyobyabwenge bibujijwe n’amategeko (nkakokayine, methamphetamine, na heroine) n'abapolisi bapima niba inzoga (Ethanol) ziri mu maraso bakunze kwita BAC (ibirimo alcool mu maraso).Ibizamini bya BAC mubisanzwe bikorwa binyuze mu guhumeka mugihe urinalysis ikoreshwa kubenshi mu gupima ibiyobyabwenge muri siporo ndetse no ku kazi.Ubundi buryo bwinshi bufite urwego rutandukanye rwukuri, sensitivite (detection detection / cutoff), nibihe byo gutahura birahari.
Ikizamini cy’ibiyobyabwenge gishobora kandi kwerekeza ku kizamini gitanga isesengura ryinshi ry’imiti itemewe, ubusanzwe igamije gufasha mu gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.
Isesengura ry'inkari rikoreshwa cyane cyane kubera igiciro gito.Kwipimisha inkarini bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwo kugerageza bukoreshwa.Ikizamini cya immunite igwije ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane.Ibibazo byatanzwe ku gipimo kiri hejuru cyane cyiza cyiza ukoresheje iki kizamini.
Kwipimisha imiti yinkari byerekana inkari kugirango habeho imiti yababyeyi cyangwa metabolite.Urwego rw'ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa metabolite yacyo ntiruvuga igihe imiti yafatiwe cyangwa umubare umurwayi yakoresheje.
Kwipimisha inkarini immunoassay ishingiye ku ihame ryo guhuza amarushanwa.Ibiyobyabwenge bishobora kuba mubigero byinkari birwanya ibiyobyabwenge bya conjugate kugirango bihuze urubuga kuri antibody yihariye.Mugihe cyo kwipimisha, urugero rwinkari rwimuka hejuru kubikorwa bya capillary.Umuti, uramutse uboneka mu nkari ziri munsi y’ibice byawo, ntuzuzuza aho uhuza antibody yihariye.Antibody izahita ifata imiti-proteine conjugate kandi umurongo ugaragara wamabara uzagaragara mukarere kipimisha agace kihariye k’ibiyobyabwenge.
Igitekerezo gikunze kugaragara ni uko ikizamini cyibiyobyabwenge gipima icyiciro cyibiyobyabwenge, urugero, opioide, kizamenya imiti yose yicyo cyiciro.Nyamara, ibizamini byinshi bya opioid ntibishobora kumenya neza oxycodone, oxymorphone, meperidine, cyangwa fentanyl.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibizamini byinshi byibiyobyabwenge bya benzodiazepine ntibishobora kumenya neza lorazepam.Nyamara, ibiyobyabwenge byerekana inkari bipimisha imiti runaka, aho kuba icyiciro cyose, birashoboka.
Iyo umukoresha asabye ikizamini cyibiyobyabwenge kumukozi, cyangwa umuganga agasaba umurwayi kwipimisha ibiyobyabwenge, umukozi cyangwa umurwayi asabwa gutegekwa kujya ahakusanyirizwa cyangwa murugo rwabo.Icyitegererezo cy'inkari kinyura muri 'urunigi rw'uburinzi' kugira ngo harebwe niba kidahungabanywa cyangwa ngo giteshwe agaciro binyuze muri laboratoire cyangwa ikosa ry'abakozi.Inkari z'umurwayi cyangwa umukozi zegeranijwe ahantu hitaruye mu gikombe cyabigenewe cyabugenewe cyabugenewe, zifungishijwe kaseti idashobora kwihanganira tamper, hanyuma zoherezwa muri laboratoire yipimisha kugira ngo isuzumwe ibiyobyabwenge (ubusanzwe akanama gashinzwe kwita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe 5).Intambwe yambere ahakorerwa ibizamini ni ukugabanya inkari mo alikoti ebyiri.Aliquot imwe isuzumwa bwa mbere ibiyobyabwenge ukoresheje analyseur ikora immunoassay nka ecran yambere.Kugirango umenye neza ubunyangamugayo no kumenya abasambanyi, ibipimo byinyongera birageragezwa.Bamwe bagerageza imiterere yinkari zisanzwe, nka, inkari creinine, pH, hamwe nuburemere bwihariye.Abandi bagenewe gufata ibintu byongewe mu nkari kugirango bahindure ibisubizo by'ibizamini, nka, okiside (harimo na bleach), nitrite, na gluteraldehyde.Niba ecran yinkari ari nziza noneho indi alikot yicyitegererezo ikoreshwa kugirango hemezwe ibyavuye muri chromatografi ya gazi - mass spectrometrie (GC-MS) cyangwa chromatografiya y'amazi - uburyo bwa rusange bwa sprometrike.Niba bisabwe na muganga cyangwa umukoresha, imiti imwe nimwe isuzumwa kugiti cye;muri rusange nibiyobyabwenge bigize igice cyimiti nimwe, kubwimpamvu nyinshi, zifatwa nkizitera ingeso cyangwa impungenge.Kurugero, oxycodone na diamorphine birashobora kugeragezwa, byombi bigabanya ubukana.Niba ikizamini nk'iki kidasabwe mu buryo bwihariye, ikizamini rusange (mu bihe byabanjirije iki, ikizamini cya opioide) kizagaragaza imiti myinshi yo mu ishuri, ariko umukoresha cyangwa umuganga ntibazagira inyungu z'irangamuntu. .
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bijyanye n'akazi bishyikirizwa ibiro bishinzwe gusuzuma (MRO) aho umuganga w'ubuvuzi asuzuma ibisubizo.Niba ibisubizo bya ecran ari bibi, MRO iramenyesha umukoresha ko umukozi adafite imiti igaragara muminkari, mubisanzwe mugihe cyamasaha 24.Ariko, niba ibisubizo byikizamini cya immunoassay na GC-MS bidahwitse kandi bikerekana urwego rwibanze rwibiyobyabwenge byababyeyi cyangwa metabolite kurenza urugero rwashyizweho, MRO ivugana numukozi kugirango hamenyekane niba hari impamvu zemewe-nkubuvuzi. kwivuza cyangwa kwandikirwa.
[1] ”Mu mpera z'icyumweru namaze gupima ibiyobyabwenge mu munsi mukuru”.The Independent.Nyakanga 25, 2016. Yakuwe ku ya 18 Gicurasi 2017.
Ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Amerika: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda (DOT HS 810 704).Ikigeragezo cya Pilote yuburyo bushya bwo gukora ubushakashatsi kumuhanda wangiritse.Mutarama, 2007.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-30-2022