Kuva ku nshuro ya mbere y’indwara ya coronavirus, mu Kuboza 2019, indwara y’ibyorezo imaze gukwira abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi.Iki cyorezo cyisi yose yigitabosyndrome ikaze yubuhumekero coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye kandi byerekeranye n’ibibazo by’ubuzima ku isi muri iki gihe, bibangamiye isi kandi bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yose y’abantu.[1]
Coronavirus zuzuye, virusi-nziza, virusi imwe ya RNA mu muryango wa Coronaviridae, ikaba ifite abantu benshi bakira nk'abantu, ibibabi, ingamiya, n'ubwoko bw'inyoni, harimo amatungo ndetse n’inyamaswa ziherekeza, bibangamira ubuzima rusange. 1 Coronavirus ishyirwa mubice byumuryango wa Orthocoronavirinae, ikaba igabanyijemo genera enye, ishingiye ku itandukaniro ryurwego rwa poroteyine: a-coronavirus, b-coronavirus, g-coronavirus, na d-coronavirus.A-coronavirus na b-coronavirus zanduza gusa inyamaswa z’inyamabere, mu gihe g-coronavirus na d-coronavirus zanduza cyane inyoni, nubwo zimwe muri zo zishobora kwanduza inyamaswa z’inyamabere.HCoV-229E,
oV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARSCoV, MERS-CoV, na SARS-CoV-2 ni coronavirus ndwi zamenyekanye kwanduza abantu.Muri byo, SARSCoV na MERS-CoV, byagaragaye mu baturage mu 2002 na 2012, bitera indwara cyane.Mugihe coronavirus yabantu (HCoV) -229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, cyangwa HCoV-HKU1 izenguruka mubantu itera ubukonje busanzwe, syndrome 7 yubuhumekero bukabije coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), intandaro ya nyirabayazana ya COVID-19, ni igitabo b-coronavirus, cyagaragaye kare mu mpera za 2019 bikaviramo impfu zikomeye.Ibimenyetso byibanze byaCOVID-19bisa nibya SARS-CoV na MERS-CoV: umuriro, umunaniro, inkorora yumye, kubabara mu gatuza, rimwe na rimwe impiswi, na dyspnea.Bitandukanye na keraIndwara ya coronavirus (CoV), ikwirakwizwa ryihuse ku isi, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwanduza, igihe kinini cyo kubaga, kwandura indwara zidafite ibimenyetso, n'uburemere bw'indwara za SARS-CoV-2 bisaba ubumenyi bwimbitse bujyanye n'ingamba zo kwirinda virusi.
Kimwe nizindi coronavirus zabantu (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV), SARSCoV-2 nayo ifite genome imwe imwe, nziza-yuzuye ya RNA ingana na 30 kb mubunini.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1, poroteyine nucleocapsid (N) ya virusi ihuza genome mu ruganda runini rwa ribonucleoprotein (RNP), hanyuma igahishwa na lipide na poroteyine za virusi S (spike), M (membrane), na E (ibahasha).Impera ya 50 ya genome ifite ibice bibiri binini byo gusoma (ORFs), ORF1a na ORF1b, kodegisi ya polypeptide pp1a na pp1b, ikorwa muri poroteyine 16 zidafite imiterere (NSPs) zirimo ibintu byose byo kwigana virusi na protease za virusi NSP3 na NSP5 zibika. indangarugero ya protease isa na protease hamwe na 3C isa na protease, uko bikurikirana. mugukora uduce duto twa virusi na ORF3b na ORF6 nkimikorere ya interferon.Ukurikije ibisobanuro biriho ubu hashingiwe ku ruhererekane rusa nizindi b-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 ikubiyemo guhanura poroteyine esheshatu zikoreshwa (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, na 10).Nyamara, ntabwo ORFs zose zemewe kugeza ubu, kandi umubare nyawo wa gen zigizwe na SARS-CoV-2 uracyari impaka.Kubwibyo rero, ntibirasobanuka neza ingirabuzimafatizo zigaragazwa niyi genome yoroheje.
Ibizamini byoroshye kandi byihariye ni ngombwa kumenya no gucunga abarwayi ba COVID-19 kimwe no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugenzura icyorezo.Ibizamini bya point-of-care (POC) bifite ubushobozi bwo kwemerera gutahura hakiri kare no gutandukanya 2 SARS-CoV-2 yanduye, ugereranije nuburyo bwo gusuzuma bushingiye kuri laboratoire, bityo bikagabanya kwanduza ingo n’abaturage.
[1] Ingaruka zamavuriro nigikorwa cyo kwihutisha-kwita-SARS-CoV-2 gutahura mu ishami ryihutirwa
Intambara hagati yabakiriye na SARS-CoV-2: Ubudahangarwa bushya hamwe ningamba zo kwirinda virusi
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-25-2022