Ikizamini cya SARS-COV-2

Kuva mu Kuboza 2019, COVID-19 yatewe na Syndrome ikaze y'ubuhumekero bukabije (SARS) yakwirakwiriye ku isi.Virusi itera COVID-19 ni SARS-COV-2, umugozi umwe wongeyeho virusi ya RNA yo mu muryango wa coronavirus.β coronavirus ni spherical cyangwa oval mumiterere, 60-120 nm ya diametre, kandi akenshi ni pleomorphic.Kuberako Ibahasha ya virusi ifite imiterere ya convex ishobora kwaguka impande zose kandi isa na corolla, yitwa coronavirus.Ifite capsule, na S (Poroteyine ya Spike), M (Proteine ​​Membrane), M (protein matrix) na E (Proteine ​​Envelope) ikwirakwizwa kuri capsule.Ibahasha irimo RNA ihuza N (proteine ​​Nucleocapsid).S poroteyine yaSARS-COV-2ikubiyemo S1 na S2 subunits.Indangantego ya reseptor-ihuza (RBD) ya S1 subunit itera kwandura SARS-COV-2 muguhuza angiotensin ihindura enzyme 2 (ACE2) hejuru yakagari.

Sars-cov-2 irashobora kwanduza umuntu ku muntu kandi ikanduza cyane kuruta sarS-COV, yagaragaye mu 2003. Yandura cyane cyane ibitonyanga byubuhumekero no guhura kwabantu, kandi irashobora kwanduzwa na aerosol niba ihari mubidukikije. hamwe n'umuyaga mwiza mugihe kirekire.Abantu muri rusange bashobora kwandura, kandi igihe cyo gukuramo ni iminsi 1 kugeza 14, cyane cyane iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 3.Nyuma yo kwandura coronavirus nshyashya, indwara zoroheje za COVID-19 zizagaragaza ibimenyetso cyane cyane byumuriro no gukorora byumye.COVID-19 irandura cyane kandi yandura cyane mubyiciro bitanduye.Indwara ya Sars-cov-2 irashobora gutera umuriro, inkorora yumye, umunaniro nibindi bimenyetso.Abarwayi bakomeye bakunze kurwara dyspnea na / cyangwa hypoxemia nyuma yicyumweru 1 itangiye, kandi abarwayi bakomeye barashobora gutera syndrome de syndrome de acide respiratory, coagulopathie no kunanirwa kwingingo nyinshi.

Kuberako sarS-COV-2 yandura cyane kandi yica, byihuse, byukuri kandi byoroshye uburyo bwo gusuzuma bwo kumenya SARS-COV-2 no guha akato abanduye (harimo n'abanduye simptomatique) nurufunguzo rwo kumenya inkomoko yanduye, kubuza u kwanduza indwara no gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo.

POCT, bizwi kandi nka tekinoroji yo gutahura uburiri cyangwa tekinoroji yo gutahura igihe, nuburyo bwo gutahura bukorerwa ahakorerwa icyitegererezo kandi birashobora kubona ibisubizo byihuse ukoresheje ibikoresho byisesengura byoroshye.Kubijyanye no gutahura indwara ya Pogene, POCT ifite ibyiza byo kwihuta gutahura kandi nta kibuza urubuga ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gutahura.POCT ntishobora kwihutisha kumenya COVID-19 gusa, ariko kandi irinda imikoranire hagati y abakozi bashinzwe iperereza n’abarwayi no kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.Kugeza ubu,Ikizamini cya COVID-19imbuga mu Bushinwa ni ibitaro n’ibigo by’ibizamini by’abandi bantu, kandi abakozi bipimisha bakeneye gufata ibyitegererezo imbere yabantu kugirango bapimwe.Nubwo ingamba zo gukingira, gutoranya umurwayi byongera ibyago byo kwandura umuntu wipimishije.Kubwibyo, isosiyete yacu yateje imbere ibikoresho byabantu kugirango batange urugero murugo, bifite ibyiza byo gutahura vuba, gukora byoroshye, no gutahura murugo, sitasiyo nahandi hantu hatabayeho kurinda umutekano wibinyabuzima.

Ikoranabuhanga nyamukuru rikoreshwa ni tekinoroji ya immunochromatografiya, izwi kandi nka Lateral Flow assay (LFA), nuburyo bwo gutahura vuba bwatewe nigikorwa cya capillary.Nka tekinoroji ikuze yihuse yo gutahura, ifite imikorere yoroshye, igihe gito cyo kubyitwaramo nibisubizo bihamye.Uhagarariye ni impapuro za immunochromatografiya ya zahabu (GLFA), ubusanzwe ikubiyemo urugero rwicyitegererezo, ipaki yububiko, firime ya nitrocellulose (NC) na pompe yinjiza amazi, nibindi. firime ikosowe hamwe no gufata antibody.Icyitegererezo kimaze kongerwaho icyitegererezo, kinyura muri paje ihuza hamwe na firime ya NC ikurikiranye munsi ya capillary, amaherezo ikagera kuri padi.Iyo icyitegererezo kinyuze mu gihuza, ibintu bigomba gupimwa muri sample bizahuza na label ya zahabu antibody;Iyo icyitegererezo cyanyuze muri NC membrane, icyitegererezo kigomba gupimwa cyafashwe kigakosorwa na antibody yafashwe, maze imirongo itukura igaragara kuri NC membrane kubera kwirundanya kwa nanoparticles.Kumenya byihuse SARS-COV-2 bishobora kugerwaho nukureba imirongo itukura mugace kamenyekanye.Igikoresho cyubu buryo cyoroshye gucuruzwa kandi gisanzwe, byoroshye gukora kandi byihuse gusubiza.Irakwiriye gusuzuma abaturage benshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugushakisha igitabo Coronavirus.

Indwara ya coronavirusni ikibazo gikomeye cyugarije isi.Kwipimisha byihuse no kuvurwa mugihe ni urufunguzo rwo gutsinda urugamba.Imbere yo kwandura kwinshi numubare munini wabantu banduye, ni ngombwa cyane guteza imbere ibikoresho byihuse kandi byihuse.Birazwi ko muburugero rusanzwe rukoreshwa, amazi ya alveolar lavage afite igipimo cyiza cyane mumyanya ndangagitsina, amacandwe, spumum na alveolar lavage fluid.Kugeza ubu, ikizamini gikunze kugaragara ni ugufata ingero z'abakekwaho kuba barwaye umuhogo bava mu muhogo wo hejuru, ntabwo ari inzira y'ubuhumekero yo hepfo, aho virusi ishobora kwinjira byoroshye.Agakoko gashobora kandi kugaragara mu maraso, mu nkari, no mu mwanda, ariko ntabwo ari ho hantu h’ingenzi handuye, bityo umubare wa virusi ukaba muke kandi ntushobora gukoreshwa nk'ishingiro ryo gutahura.Byongeye kandi, nkuko RNA idahindagurika cyane kandi byoroshye kuyitesha agaciro, kuvura neza no gukuramo ingero nyuma yo gukusanya nabyo ni ibintu.

［1］ Chan JF ， Kok KH ， Zhu Z ， et al．Ibiranga rusange muri 2019 igitabo cyabantu-gitera coronavirus cyitaruye umurwayi urwaye umusonga udasanzwe nyuma yo gusura Wuhan ［J］．Microbes Emerg Yanduye ， 2020，9 (1): 221-236．

［2］ Hu B. ， Guo H. ， Zhou P. ， Shi ZL ， Nat.Nyiricyubahiro Microbiol. ， 2021，19，141—154

［3］ Lu R. ， Zhao X. ， Li J. ， Niu P. ， Yang B. ， Wu H. ， Wang W. ， Indirimbo H. ， Huang B. ， Zhu N. ， Bi Y. ， Ma X. Han Zhan F. ， Wang L. ， Hu T. ， Zhou H. ， Hu Z. ， Zhou W. ， Zhao L. ， Chen J. ， Meng Y. ， Wang J. ， Lin Y. ， Yuan J. ， Xie Z. ， Ma J. ， Liu WJ ， Wang D. ， Xu W. ， Holmes EC ， Gao GF ， Wu G. ， Chen W. ， Shi W. ， Tan W.