Ujyane gusobanukirwa na hemoglobine

01 Hemoglobine ni iki
Amagambo ahinnye yicyongereza kuri hemoglobine ni HGB cyangwa Hb.Hemoglobine ni poroteyine idasanzwe itwara ogisijeni mu maraso atukura.Ni poroteyine ituma amaraso atukura.Igizwe na Globin na heme.Igice cyo gupima ni umubare wa garama ya hemoglobine kuri litiro (1000 ml) y'amaraso.Imikoreshereze ya hemoglobine na selile yamaraso itukura irasa, kandi kwiyongera no kugabanuka kwa hemoglobine birashobora kwerekana akamaro kivuriro ryamaraso atukura kwiyongera no kugabanuka.
Agaciro kerekana hemoglobine karahinduka gato bitewe nuburinganire nimyaka.Urutonde rwerekanwe nuburyo bukurikira: umugabo ukuze: 110-170g / L, umukobwa ukuze: 115-150g / L, uruhinja: 145-200g / L
02 hemoglobine munsi yurwego rusanzwe
Kugabanuka kwa hemoglobine birashobora kugabanywa mubihinduka bya physiologique na patologi.Kugabanuka kwa pathologiya bikunze kugaragara muburyo butandukanye bwo kubura amaraso, kandi impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:
Gukora amagufwa ya hematopoietic idakora neza, nka anemia aplastique, leukemia, myeloma, na fibrosis yo mu magufa;
Substance Kubura ibintu bya Hematopoietic cyangwa inzitizi zikoreshwa, nka anemia yo kubura fer, anemia ya sideroblastique, anemia ya megaloblastique, erythropenia (aside folike na vitamine B ibura);
Loss Gutakaza amaraso akomeye kandi adakira, nko gutakaza amaraso bikabije nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa guhahamuka, ibisebe bya peptike, indwara ya Parasitike;
Kurandura cyane ingirangingo z'amaraso, nka heredita spherocytose, paroxysmal nijoro nijoro hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinopathie idasanzwe, anemia anemia;
⑤ Anemia yatewe cyangwa iherekejwe nizindi ndwara (nk'umuriro, indwara y'umwijima, indwara ya Endocrine).
Iyo habaye ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso make, bitewe nurwego rutandukanye rwa hemoglobine mungirangingo zamaraso zitukura, urugero rwo kugabanuka kwingirabuzimafatizo zitukura na hemoglobine zirahoraho.Ibipimo bya Hemoglobine birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umuntu yumve urugero rwa anemia, ariko kugira ngo arusheho gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwa anemia, kubara amaraso atukura hamwe no gusuzuma morphologie, kimwe nibindi bimenyetso bifitanye isano na selile itukura.
03 Hemoglobine iri hejuru yurwego rusanzwe
Ubwiyongere bwa hemoglobine burashobora kandi kugabanywa kwiyongera kwa physiologique na patologi.Kuzamuka kwa physiologique bikunze kugaragara ahantu hirengeye, kandi abahatuye, uruhinja, impinja, hamwe nabantu bafite ubuzima bwiza batuye ahantu hirengeye barashobora kwiyongera kwa hemoglobine mugihe cy'imyitozo ngororangingo cyangwa imirimo ikomeye.Umwuka wa ogisijeni uri mu kirere ku butumburuke buri hejuru ugereranije no mu kibaya.Kugirango habeho okisijene ihagije, umubiri uzagira indishyi, ni ukuvuga umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura uziyongera, ibyo bigatuma hémoglobine yiyongera.Ibi bikunze kwitwa "hypererythrosis", nindwara idakira yo mumisozi.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uruhinja n'impinja, bitewe na hypoxic ibidukikije muri nyababyeyi, bifite urugero rwinshi rwa hemoglobine, rushobora kugabanuka kurwego rusanzwe rw'abantu bakuru nyuma y'amezi 1-2 bavutse.Iyo dutangiye imyitozo ikomeye cyangwa imirimo ikomeye yumubiri, dushobora guhura na hypoxia no kubira ibyuya byinshi, byongera ubwiza bwamaraso na hemoglobine.
Uburebure bwa pathologiya burashobora kugabanywa murwego rwo hejuru hamwe nuburebure bwuzuye.Kwiyongera ugereranije mubisanzwe ni kwibeshya byigihe gito biterwa no kugabanuka kwa plasma no kwiyongera ugereranije nibintu bigaragara mumaraso.Bikunze kugaragara cyane mu maraso y’amazi adafite umwuma, kandi akenshi biterwa no kuruka bikabije, impiswi nyinshi, ibyuya byinshi, gutwika cyane, Diabete insipidus, no gukoresha urugero runini rwa diuretique.
Ubwiyongere bukabije ahanini bufitanye isano na hypoxia tissue, kwiyongera kwa erythropoietin mu maraso, no kurekura byihuse ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura ziva mu magufa, ushobora kubibona muri:
Pol Polycythemia yibanze: Nindwara idakira ya myeloproliferative, ikunze kugaragara mubikorwa byubuvuzi.Irangwa na mucosa yijimye itukura yijimye iterwa no kwiyongera kwingirangingo zamaraso zitukura nubunini bwamaraso yose, biherekejwe no kwiyongera kwamaraso yera na platine.
② Secondary Polycythemia: igaragara mu ndwara z'umutima zifata ibihaha, Emphysema ikumira, cyanotic Indwara y'umutima ivuka n'indwara idasanzwe ya hemoglobine;Ifitanye isano n'ibibyimba bimwe na bimwe n'indwara z'impyiko, nka kanseri y'impyiko, kanseri y'umwijima, fibroide ya Uterine, kanseri y'intanga ngore, urusoro rw'impyiko na Hydronephrosis, impyiko za polycystic, no guhinduranya impyiko;Byongeye kandi, irashobora no kugaragara mubwiyongere bwikwirakwizwa rya familial spontaneous erythropoietin no kwiyongera kwingirangingo zamaraso zitukura ziterwa nibiyobyabwenge.
04 Hemoglobin mu myitozo ya siporo
Abakinnyi bafite impinduka nini za hemoglobine, hamwe nibitandukaniro byihariye.Haba abantu benshi cyangwa hasi ya hemoglobine, amplitude ihindagurika ya hemoglobine yabo mugihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri muri rusange ihuye n’urwego rwo guhinduka mu myitozo ngororamubiri, kandi byombi bikaguma mu ntera runaka ihindagurika.Muri gahunda yo gukurikirana hemoglobine, kugirango itange isuzuma rifatika nubuyobozi bwamahugurwa, hagomba gukorwa isuzuma ryihariye ku mpinduka za hemoglobine ya buri mukinnyi.
Mugutangira imyitozo yimbaraga nyinshi, abakinnyi bakunda kugabanuka muri Hb, ariko kugabanuka muri rusange biri muri 10% yikigereranyo cyabo, kandi ntihazagabanuka cyane mubushobozi bwimikino.Nyuma yicyiciro cyamahugurwa, mugihe umubiri umenyereye ingano yimyitozo ngororamubiri, kwibanda kwa Hb bizongera kwiyongera, byiyongere hafi 10% ugereranije nurwego rwabyo, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza imikorere inoze hamwe nubushobozi bwa siporo.Muri iki gihe, abakinnyi muri rusange bitwara neza mumarushanwa;Niba urwego rwa Hb rutarazamuka cyangwa ngo rugaragaze inzira yo kumanuka nyuma yicyiciro cyamahugurwa, irenze agaciro kambere kambere 10% kugeza 15%, byerekana ko umutwaro wimyitozo ari mwinshi kandi umubiri ukaba utaramenyera imyitozo umutwaro.Muri iki gihe, hakwiye kwitabwaho guhindura gahunda y'amahugurwa no gutegura amarushanwa, no gushimangira imirire.
Mugihe rero cyo kumenya hemoglobine, birashoboka kumenya imyitozo ikwiye ya siporo ikwiye, imyitozo yo kwihangana, cyangwa imyitozo yihuse kubakinnyi, bishobora gufasha abitoza guhitamo ibikoresho.
05 Kumenya Hemoglobine
Kumenya hemoglobine bisaba gupima amaraso mubitaro kugirango bisuzumwe muri laboratoire, kandi uburyo bukoreshwa mu gupima ni selile selisesor colorimetry.Ukoresheje isesengura ryamaraso, ubwinshi bwa hemoglobine burashobora gusesengurwa.Mu bitaro rusange, umubare wa hemoglobine ntukeneye kwipimisha ukundi, kandi ibizamini bisanzwe byamaraso birimo ibizamini bya hemoglobine.
06 Isesengura rya hemoglobine
Igendanwahemoglobinni isesengura rikoresha ihame ryo kwerekana urumuri kugirango hamenyekane ubunini bwa hemoglobine mu maraso yose ya capillaries cyangwa imitsi.Metero ya Hemoglobinirashobora kubona ibisubizo byihuse binyuze mubikorwa byoroshye.Nibintu bito, byoroshye, byoroshye gukora, kandi byihuse kugirango umenye ibipimisho byumyemonitor ya hemoglobin.Hamwe nigitonyanga kimwe gusa cyamaraso yintoki, urwego rwumurwayi wa hemoglobine (Hb) na hematocrit (HCT) rushobora kumenyekana mumasegonda 10.Birakwiriye cyane kubitaro kurwego rwose kugirango bikore ibizamini byitaweho, kandi birakwiriye cyane kuzamurwa no gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kwisuzumisha kumubiri.Uburyo gakondo bwo gutahura busaba gukusanya amaraso no kuyasubiza muri laboratoire kugirango yipimishe, akaba ari akazi karemereye kandi ntibyoroshye abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima bwo kwa muganga kuvugana n’abarwayi nimiryango yabo mugihe gikwiye.Nyamara, metero zigendanwa ya hemoglobine itanga igisubizo cyiza kuri ibi.